Asper Centre Constitutional Roundtable with Professors Kerri Froc and Jean-Christophe Bédard-Rubin on Hak v. Attorney General of Quebec

The Asper Centre's Constitutional Roundtables are an annual series of lunchtime discussion forums that provide an opportunity to consider developments in Canadian constitutional theory and practice.The series promotes scholarship and aims to make a meaningful contribution to intellectual discourse about Canadian and comparative constitutional law.

Yukiko Kobayashi Lui

Yukiko, wearing a grey sweater, smiles in a photograph taken in the Jackman Law Building
SJD Candidate
Thesis title:
Care work, dependence and redistribution in family life and law
Office in Falconer Hall
84 Queen's Park
Toronto, M5S 2C5

Yukiko is a doctoral candidate in the Faculty of Law with a collaborative specialization in sexual diversity studies at the Mark S. Bonham Centre. Her research interests are in the law governing families and households and the work that happens within them, and in critical legal and political theories. Her doctoral project is about the law and politics of legal relationship recognition, particularly as related to economic dependence, social assistance, and unwaged work during and after relationships. She is interested in how law and social assistance create and police the borders of 'the family' and what implications this has for the material preconditions that make life possible. She also maintains an interest in the law of Hong Kong. Prior to commencing her doctoral studies, she worked in the non-profit sector and in publishing.

Education
LLM (Distinction), The University of Hong Kong
BA (Hons) in Law, University of Cambridge
Awards and Distinctions
Centre for Ethics Doctoral Fellowship (2023-2024)
Mary H. Beatty Fellowship (2023-2024)
Graduate Fellowship in Women's Rights (2022-2024)
Hong Kong Scholarship for Excellence (2015-2018)
Professional Affiliations
Law and Society Association
Canadian Law and Society Association
Other information

Co-organiser, Feminist Legal Theory and the Family conference, hosted at the Institute for Feminist Legal Studies, Osgoode Hall Law School (May 2024)

Organising committee, Sex Salon speaker series, Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies (2023-2024)

Co-organiser, Toronto Law and Political Economy Reading Group (Spring 2023)

 

Research Interests
Comparative Law
Critical Legal Theory
Family Law
Feminist Analysis of Law
Political Philosophy and Theory
Sexuality and the Law
Supervisor
Committee Members
Linda White (Department of Political Science)

Noy Naaman

SJD Candidate
Thesis title:
Queer Reproductive Justice: Time, Border and Affect
Office in Falconer Hall
84 Queen's Park
Toronto, M5S 2C5

Noy Naaman is an Ontario Trillium & Connaught International Scholar at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law in the collaborative programs of Sexual Diversity Studies and Jewish Studies. His research explores the role of time, borders and affects in conflicts around reproductive rights and parental determination. Noy completed a Master of Law degree (LLM) from Columbia Law School as a Human Rights Fellow and a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law.

Education
S.J.D. Candidate, University of Toronto Faculty of Law (2018-present)
LL.M., (Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar), Columbia Law School, New York (2017)
LL.B. (Magna cum laude), Tel-Aviv University Faculty of Law, Israel (2014)
Awards and Distinctions
Ontario Trillium Scholarship
Connaught International Scholarship (declined)
Sarah Weddington Writing Prize co-sponsored by If/When/How, the Center on Reproductive Rights and Justice at Berkeley Law
ICON-S-IL: Junior Researcher Award for Outstanding Research in Public Law
Graduate Fellowships In Reproductive Rights For Developing Southern Countries
David Rayside Graduate Students Award
Granovsky-Gluskin Graduate Scholarship Fund
Israel And Golda Koschitzky Fellowship In Jewish Studies
Jack Hallam Uc'52 Graduate Scholarship In Sexual Diversity Studies
Shiff Family Graduate Student Endowment Funds
Tarek Heggy Graduate Scholarship
University of Toronto Faculty of Law Doctoral Fellowship
Professional Affiliations
Israeli Bar Association
The Law and Society Association
The Association for the Study of Law, Culture and the Humanities
The Association for Israel Studies
Feminist Legal Theory Collaborative Research Network
Selected Publications

Article

The Non-Marital Presumption, _ The American Journal of Comparative Law (co-authored with Ayelet Blecher-Prigat & Ruth Zafran) (forthcoming 2024). 

 Affective Reproductive Legality,  35(1) Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities (forthcoming, 2023-4). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4374756

Parenthood Based on Conjugality: Dual Motherhood as a Case-Study, Tel-Aviv University Law Review (Iyunei Mishpat ) (forthcoming, 2023) (first author, co-authored with Ayelet Blecher-Prigat & Ruth Zafran) (cited by the Supreme Court of Israel) [Hebrew]. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4001994

The Paradox of Same-Sex Parentage Equality, 100 (1) Washington University Law Review (2022). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4048052

Bordering Legal Parenthood, 33(3) Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities (2022) (recipient of the ICON-S-IL Junior Researcher Award for outstanding research in public law). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4057501

Timing Legal Parenthood, 75 (1) Arkansas Law Review (2022) (recipient of the Sarah Weddington Writing Prize for outstanding student research in reproductive rights). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3993584  

Temporal Analysis of Judicial Parental Order, Mishpat Umimshal (Law and Government) (Haifa University Law Review) (forthcoming, 2022) (cited by the Supreme Court of Israel) [Hebrew]. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3916645

Chapters in Books:

The Abolition of Legal Marriage in Israel as a Potential Queer/Religious Project in Queer and Religious Alliances: Friendship in Family Law and Beyond (eds., Nausica Palazzo & Jeff Redding, forthcoming in Anthem Press, 2022) (co-authored with Ayelet Blecher-Prigat)

Judicial Parental Order as a Means of Recognizing Same-Sex Parenthood – The Israeli View, in 2021 International Survey of Family Law 283 (2021).

Reviews and Comments: 

Queering Family Trees: Race, Reproductive Justice, and Lesbian Motherhood by Patton-Imani Sandra, Law & Society Review 56 (1)  (2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12596

Research Interests
Contracts
Critical Legal Theory
Equality and Anti-Discrimination Law
Family Law
Feminist Analysis of Law
Legal Theory
Reproductive and Sexual Health Law
Sexuality and the Law
Supervisor
Committee Members

Michael J. S. Beauvais

Photo of smiling man with leaves in the background
SJD Candidate
Thesis title:
The Transparent Child
Office in Falconer Hall
84 Queen's Park
Toronto, M5S 2C5

My dissertation develops a legally justified informational privacy interest of children from their parents in the digital environment. Beyond youth privacy, I am interested in how technologies and law structure and mediate interpersonal relationships. I also research and publish on privacy and data protection issues in biomedical research, where I focus on international data transfers and European data protection law.

My doctoral work is supported by a Canada Graduate Scholarship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and by a fellowship at the Schwartz Reisman Institute for Technology and Society at the University of Toronto. I am also an affiliate of the Information Law Institute at New York University School of Law.

Education
Certificate in Childhood Ethics - Views On Interdisciplinary Childhood Ethics (VOICE), McGill University
Master of Science in International Planning - University College London (UCL)
Bachelor of Civil Law & Juris Doctor - McGill University
Bachelor of Arts in Jurisprudence with Senior Status - St Edmund Hall, Oxford University
Bachelor of Arts in Urban Systems - McGill University
Selected Publications

Peer-reviewed articles

“Open Data governance at the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform (CONP): From the Walled Garden to the Arboretum” in GigaScience (2024) with A Bernier, B M Knoppers, P Bermudez, et al.

“Whither Health Research: The Missed Opportunities of the Child’s Right to Health” in The International Journal of Children’s Rights (2023)with D Patrinos, R McDougall, and B M Knoppers.

“The Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform—An open science framework for the neuroscience community” in PLOS Computational Biology (2023) with R Harding, P Bermudez, A Bernier, et al.

Data and Tools Integration in the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform” in Scientific Data (2023) with J-B Poline, S Das, T Glatard, et al.

“A Proposal for an International Code of Conduct for Data Sharing in Genomics” in Developing World Bioethics (2022) with A Matar, M Hansson, S Skolkenberga, et al.

“Bridging the European Data Sharing Divide in Genomic Science” in Journal of Medical Internet Research (2022) with F Molnár-Gábor, A Bernier, M P N Jimenez, et al.

“Streamlining Ethics Review for International Health Research” in Science (2022) with M A Rothstein, M H Zawati, A Thorogood, et al.

“International Coordination of Research Ethics Review: An Adequacy Model” in Philosophies (2021) with A Thorogood.

“Three Decades of Genetic Privacy: A Metaphoric Journey” in Human Molecular Genetics (2021) with B M Knoppers [invited review].

“GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare” in Cell Genomics (2021) with H L Rehm, A J H Page, L Smith, et al.

“A Marathon, Not a Sprint – Neuroimaging, Open Science and Ethics” in NeuroImage (2021) with B M Knoppers and J Illes [invited review].

“Coming Out to Play: Privacy, Data Protection, Children’s Health, and COVID-19 Research” in Frontiers in Genetics (2021) with B M Knoppers.

“Centering inclusivity in the design of online conferences—An OHBM–Open Science perspective” in GigaScience (2021) with E Levitis, C S D G van Praag, R Gauet al.

“Parental Access to Children’s Raw Genomic Data in Canada: Legal Rights and Professional Responsibility” in Frontiers in Genetics (2021) with A Thorogood, M J Szego, K Seńécal, et al.

“COVID-19 Research: Navigating the European General Data Protection Regulation” in Journal of Medical Internet Research (2020) with R Becker, A Thorogood, and J Ordish.

“Modeling Consent in the Time of COVID-19” in Journal of Law and the Biosciences (2020) with B M Knoppers, Y Joly, M H Zawati, et al.

"When Information Is the Treatment? Precision Medicine in Healthcare” in Healthcare Management (2020) with B M Knoppers [invited review].

Other articles

“Navigating the Ethical Maze of Genomics in Canada’s Military” in BMJ Military Health (2021) with B M Knoppers and C Boscarino.

“Basta con il biolaw: What about knowledge and trust?” in BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto (2021) with B M Knoppers.

Book chapters

“Biomedical Research Policy: Back to the Future?” in Law and Legacy in Medical Jurisprudence: Essays in Honour of Graeme Laurie, edited by E Dove and N N Shuibhne (Cambridge University Press, 2022) with B M Knoppers and R Chadwick.

“Frontline Ethico-Legal Issues in Childhood Cancer Genetics Research” in The Hereditary Basis of Childhood Cancer, edited by D Malkin (Springer, 2021) with K Sénécal, C V Fernandez, D Sinnett, et al.

Reports

"Children's Data Protection" for the Human Cell Atlas (2022).

“Building the Human Cell Atlas: Issues with Tissues” for the Human Cell Atlas (2019) with E Kirby and B M Knoppers.

Policy interventions

"Submission to the Standing Committee on Industry and Technology Study of Bill C-27, The Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022" (2022) with L R Shade. (Appeared at Committee on November 23, 2023.)

“Children’s Privacy and Video Games: Comments on Commercial Surveillance ANPR, R111004” (2022) with S Grimes, D Jayemanne, and S Giddings.

“RE: Public consultation regarding data protection and international transfers of personal data to non-EU countries” (2020) with the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health.

Opinion pieces

“The World Health Organization Needs to Craft and Adopt an International Pandemic Regulation” in The Hill Times (2022) with B M Knoppers and D Turp.

“Liberté universitaire: La loi ne peut remplacer le dialogue” in La Presse (2021).

“Pour un traité mondial sur la riposte aux pandémies” in Le Devoir (2021) with B M Knoppers and D Turp.

“Opinion: Canada’s Tax Return System Jeopardizes the Privacy of Millions of Canadians” in The Globe and Mail (2021).

“COVID-19: Who’s Afraid of Data Sharing” in Canadian Science Policy Centre (2020) with B M Knoppers.

“Qui a peur du partage des données?” in Le Devoir (2020) with B M Knoppers.

Research Interests
Comparative Law
Family Law
Feminist Analysis of Law
Health Law
Legal Theory
Privacy Law
Supervisor
Committee Members
Sara Grimes (Faculty of Information)

Steve Lorteau

Steve Lorteau
SJD Candidate
Thesis title:
The Institutional Challenges of Adjudicating Climate Change Zoning
Office in Falconer Hall
84 Queen's Park
Toronto, M5S 2C5

Steve has a bijural education with degrees in common law and civil law from the University of Ottawa. During his legal studies, Steve participated and later coached in the Jessup International Law Moot Court competition. In 2020, Steve completed a judicial clerkship at the Federal Court under Justice Peter Pamel. Following his clerkship, Steve completed his Master of Laws (LLM) thesis at the University of Toronto under the supervision of Dean Jutta Brunnée.

Steve's research interests are in the areas of administrative law, climate law, institutional analysis, and zoning law. His research centres on the role of courts in climate law. His LLM thesis explored the environmental obligations of state-owned fossil fuel companies under international law. His SJD thesis focuses on political economy issues relating to judicial adjudication of environmental zoning. His research on environmental law has been published in the Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law (RECIEL) and the McGill Journal of Sustainable Development Law.

Steve also has an interest in the regulatory aspects of wine law, and a particular interest in Canada’s unique approach to wine regulation. In 2016, Steve graduated with a diploma in wine law from the University of Reims, located in the heart of the Champagne. His research on wine law has been published in the Journal of Wine Research, Jus Vini: Journal of Wine & Spirits Law, and a collective monograph on comparative wine law. Since 2022, he has served as the Canadian reporter for Jus Vini annual chronicles.

In his spare time, Steve enjoys reading, playing board games, watching sports, cooking, and discovering new wines.

Education
University of Toronto, LL.M. (Long Thesis), 2021
University of Ottawa, J.D., 2019
University of Ottawa, LL.L. (Civil Law) 2018
University of Ottawa, B.Soc.Sc. (International Development), 2018
University of Ottawa, B.A. (Philosophy), 2015
Awards and Distinctions
SSHRC Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS-D (2021-2024)
SSHRC Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS-M (2020-2021)
Robert Law Fellowship in Legal Ethics (2020-2021)
Environmental Law Essay Contest Prize, Center for Environmental Law and Global Sustainability (2019)
Me Anwar Chami Scholarship for excellence in studies in international law (2018)
Second Best Oralist, Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition (2017)
Professional Affiliations
Law Society of Ontario
Earth System Governance Project Research Fellow
Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics, International Expert Group Canada
Selected Publications

Peer-reviewed articles

· Steve Lorteau, “The Potential of 'State-as-Polluter' Litigation” (2023) 1 Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law.

· Steve Lorteau, “Canada 2022: Place of Origin Descriptors, Amarone, and More Cowbell” (2023) Jus Vini: Journal of Wine & Spirits Law.

· Steve Lorteau, “Canada 2021: Disputed Territories, Comparative Advertising, and Trademarks” (2022) 1 Jus Vini: Journal of Wine & Spirits Law 87-102.

· Steve Lorteau, “Contractual Carbon Fees: A Proposal” (2020) 15:2 McGill Journal of Sustainable Development Law 176-201.

· Steve Lorteau, “A Purposive Approach to Wine Regulation: Royal Demaria v Lieutenant Governor in Council” (2019) 2 Jus Vini: Journal of Wine & Spirits Law 231-240.

· Steve Lorteau, “La philosophie du droit systématique de l’encyclopédiste Antoine- Gaspard Boucher d’Argis [The Systematic Jurisprudence of l’Encyclopédiste Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d’Argis]” (2019) 54 Recherches sur Diderot et sur l’Encyclopédie 147-164.

· Steve Lorteau, “A Comparative Analysis of Skin-Contact Wine Definitions in Ontario and South Africa” (2018) 29:4 Journal of Wine Research 265-277.

· Steve Lorteau, “China’s South China Sea Claims as Unprecedented – Skeptical Remarks” (2018) 55 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 1-41.

Book Chapters

· Steve Lorteau & Rakhyun E Kim, “Transnational Litigation Norms” in Daniel J. Fiorino, Todd A. Eisenstadt, & Manjyot Kaur Ahluwalia, eds, Elgar Encyclopedia of Climate Policy (Cheltenham: Elgar Publishing, 2024), pp 209–212.

· Steve Lorteau, “Regulatory Controls in the Canadian Wine Sector” in Theodore Georgopoulos, ed, Administrative controls in the wine sector (Paris: Mare & Martin, 2021), pp 341-367.

Opinion Pieces

· Steve Lorteau, "Fossil fuel subsidies cost Canadians a lot more money than the carbon tax" The Conversation Canada, 1 April 2024. https://theconversation.com/fossil-fuel-subsidies-cost-canadians-a-lot-m...

· Steve Lorteau & Andrew Green,"How Canadian courts are taking on climate change" The Conversation Canada, 4 January 2024. https://theconversation.com/how-canadian-courts-are-taking-on-climate-ch...

· Steve Lorteau, Audrey-Ann Deneault, Jean-François Bureau & Nicole Racine, "Educate and Empower: The 3 Es to discuss climate change with children" The Conversation Canada, 9 July 2023. https://theconversation.com/engage-educate-and-empower-the-3-es-to-discu...

· Steve Lorteau, “For Fossil-Fuel Reliant Governments, Climate Action Should Start At Home" The Conversation Canada, 19 April 2023. https://theconversation.com/for-fossil-fuel-reliant-governments-climate-...

Research Interests
Administrative Law
Economic Analysis of Law
Environmental Law
Family Law
Feminist Analysis of Law
Intellectual Property Law
International Law
Legal Theory
Property Law
Supervisor
Committee Members
Kate J. Neville, Department of Political Science

Michaël Lessard

SJD Candidate
Thesis title:
Medical Aid in Dying Through the Lens of Disability Studies
Office in Falconer Hall
84 Queen's Park
Toronto, M5S 2C5
Education
University of Toronto, SJD (in progress)
New York University, LLM (Legal Theory)
McGill University, BCL & LLB (Hons.)
Awards and Distinctions
SSHRC Joseph-Armand Bombardier Doctoral Scholarship
FRQSC Doctoral Research Scholarship
Macdonald Travelling Scholarship (McGill Faculty of Law)
National Millennium Excellence Entrance Award (Government of Canada)
Lieutenant Governor’s Youth Medal (Government of Québec)
Professional Affiliations
Barreau du Québec (2016)
Groupe de recherches sur les humanités juridiques
Groupe de réflexion en droit privé
Institut de recherches et d’études féministes
Théâtre du Portage
Young Bar of Montréal
Other information

RESEARCH INTERESTS 

  • Law of Persons, Family Law, Animal Law
  • Bodies, Identities and the Self 
  • Sexual and Conjugal Violence
  • Linguistic Sexism 

TEACHING EXPERIENCE 

  • Course Lecturer – Droit de la famille
    • McGill University
    • Winter 2021, Fall 2021, Fall 2022
    • Teaching Family Law in French, covering both common law and civil law 
Selected Publications

BOOKS 

Mourir au 21e siècle : entre corporalités et technologies [trans. Dying in the 21st Century: Corporealities and Technologies], Montréal, Yvon Blais, 2021 (edited volume with Audrey Deveault). 

  • Book reviews: Jean-Frédéric Ménard, (2021) 15:1 Revue de droit et santé de McGill 1; Benjamin Mathiot, (2021) 45:1-2 Anthropologie et Sociétés 344; Simon Legault, Revue canadienne de bioéthique [forthcoming]; Martin Vachon, Revue de droit de l’Université de Sherbrooke [forthcoming]; Mouloud Boukala, Frontières [forthcoming]. 

La mort : questions de transmission. Tome 1 – Perspectives culturelles [trans. Death: Transmission Questions. Volume 1 – Cultural Perspectives], Saint-Joseph-du-Lac, M éditeur, 2021 (edited volume with Audrey Deveault). 

La mort : questions de transmission. Tome 2 – Perspectives sociales [trans. Death: Transmission Questions. Volume 2 – Social Perspectives], Saint-Joseph-du-Lac, M éditeur, 2021 (edited volume with Audrey Deveault). 

Manuel de grammaire non sexiste et inclusive [trans. Non-Sexist and Inclusive Grammar Guide], Paris, Syllepse, 2018 [French edition of the Grammaire non sexiste de la langue française] (with Suzanne Zaccour). 

Grammaire non sexiste de la langue française [trans. Non-Sexist Grammar of the French Language]Saint-Joseph-du-Lac, M éditeur, 2017 (with Suzanne Zaccour). 

  • Book reviews: Éliane Boucher, (2021) 33:2 Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 265; Héloïse Michaud, (2019) 38:1 Politique et Sociétés 185.

Dictionnaire critique du sexisme linguistique [trans. Critical Dictionary of Linguistic Sexism], Montréal, Somme Toute, 2017 (edited volume with Suzanne Zaccour). 

  • Upon publication, that book held second position in Le Devoir’s top sales report for Québec non-fiction books. 
  • Chosen by Les libraires as one of the best 100 nooks published in Québec in 2017. 
  • Book review: Marilou Tanguay, (2019) 32:1 Recherches féministes 248.

 

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES 

Remuer ciel et terre : L’autonomie corporelle après la mort au regard de l’exhumation [trans. Leave No Stone Unturned: Bodily Autonomy After Death and Disinterment], [2022] (2021) 66 McGill Law Journal 675

  • Arguing that judges, in order to discover the deceased’s presumptive wishes in the absence of clearly expressed wishes regarding the disposal of their body, use a narrative approach or a relational approach to human nature. Theorizing and critically assessing the case law on disinterment since the enactment of the Civil Code of Québec in 1994. 

L’aide financière aux victimes d’infractions criminelles : quelles victimes de violences sexuelles ou conjugales sont admissibles au nouveau régime québécois? [trans. Financial Assistance for Victims of Criminal Offences: Which Victims of Sexual or Domestic Violence Are Eligible for the New Québec Regime?], [2022] (2020) 79 Revue du Barreau 145.

  • Analyzing the new elements influencing the eligibility of a victim of sexual or intimate partner violence for financial assistance offered by the State of Québec, more specifically: (1) the new definition of criminal offence, (2) the introduction of the concept of sexual violence, (3) the obligations of cooperation imposed on victims, (4) gross fault and (5) the time limit for filing a claim. 

La culture du viol et langage juridique : soigner ses mots pour combattre les violences sexuelles [trans. Rape Culture and Legal Discourses: Taking Care of Our Words to Combat Sexual Violence], (2021) 33:2 Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 175 (with Suzanne Zaccour). 

  • Identifying and criticizing discursive practices that perpetuate rape culture by trivializing sexual violence and excusing perpetrators.

Can Sentience Recognition Protect Animals? Lessons from Québec’s Animal Law Reform, (2021) 27:1 Animal Law Review 57. 

  • Arguing (1) that legal sentience recognition’s fate is to become more than symbolic and to receive normative force, (2) that considering a legal duty to respect animal sentience as an instrument to prevent their killing and exploitation is a mistake, and (3) that the legal protection of “biological needs” might bring hope where sentience does not by covering some of sentience’s blind spots. 

Le droit de vie et de mort sur l’animal : quelle évolution depuis la reconnaissance des animaux comme êtres sensibles? [trans. The Right of Life and Death over Animals: Any Progress since the Recognition of Animals as Sentient Beings?], (2021) 55:1 Revue juridique Thémis de l’Université de Montréal 137. 

  • Arguing that the Québec animal law reform limits the right of life and death that human beings exercise over animals.

La rédaction inclusive en droit : pourquoi les objections ratent-elles la cible? [trans. Inclusive Legal Writing: Why Do Objections Miss the Target?], (2021) 99:1 Canadian Bar Review 113.

  • Debunking eight objections to inclusive writing in law: (1) grammatical gender has nothing to do with the gender of persons; (2) grammar rules have nothing to do with patriarchy; (3) inclusive writing is a superficial project; (4) feminine words weigh down the text; (5) judges do not use inclusive writing; (6) feminization is a mistake in French; (7) gender-neutral writing is too vague for the law; (8) inclusive writing reinforces the binarity and sexism of the French language.

L’indemnisation des victimes d’actes criminels au Québec : la loi exclut-elle les victimes de violences sexuelles ou conjugales? [trans. Crime Victims Compensation in Québec: Does the Law Exclude Victims of Sexual or Domestic Violence?], (2020) 61:3 Cahiers de droit 1097. 

  • Providing a critical assessment of the Crime Victims Compensation Act of Québec from the perspective of sexual assault and domestic violence victims. 

A Dynamic Judicial Approach to Diachronic Legislative Integrity, (2020) 33:2 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 481.

  • Arguing that theories of statutory interpretation should account for the fact that legislative bodies are in a dynamic process of building coherence and consistency in the law, but that the law might not be a coherent, consistent and complete whole yet. Consequently, courts ought to give more importance to legal norms that a legislative body is most committed to and less to norms this body has neglected or abandoned although they might still be visible in legal texts. 

Les amoureux sur les bancs publics: Le traitement juridique du polyamour en droit québécois [trans. Lovers on Public Benches: The Legal Treatment of Polyamory under Québec Law], (2019) 32:1 Canadian Journal of Family Law 1. 

  • Defining polyamory, monoamory, and related concepts. Arguing that four approaches are used in Québec to orient people toward monogamous relationships and away from polyamorous relationships: (1) limiting to two the number of parents per child, (2) facilitating spousal care, (3) protecting spouses against economic vulnerability, and (4) prohibiting certain polyamorous arrangements (criminalization of polygamy). 

Quel genre de droit? Autopsie du sexisme dans la langue juridique [trans. Autopsy of Sexism in the Legal Language], [2019] (2017) 47:2 Revue de droit de l’Université Sherbrooke 225 (with Suzanne Zaccour). 

  • Tracking sexism in the language of the law, laying down a nomenclature of jurilinguistic sexisms (lexical, grammatical, terminological) as well as developing two new notions: the linguistic glass ceiling and ostentatious feminines. 
  • Cited by the Supreme Court of Canada in R. v. Friesen, 2020 SCC 9. 

Le calcul des aliments du parent de fait : de l’approche synchronique à l’approche étapiste [trans. Calculating the support paid by a de facto parent: moving from a synchronic to a layered approach], (2019) 60:1 Cahiers de droit 251. 

  • Arguing for the adoption of a layered approach to child support, under which the support obligation of a de facto parent is subsidiary to the obligation of the civil parent. 

« Why couldn’t you just keep your knees together? » L’obligation déontologique des juges face aux victimes d’agression sexuelle [trans. The Ethical Obligations of Judges in Sexual Violence Cases], [2019] (2017) 63:1 McGill Law Journal 155. 

  • Arguing that judges commit a breach of judicial ethics when they make a remark or a statement that (1) is likely to maintain the myth of the good victim of sexual violence, (2) participates in one of the four related stereotypes condemned in law and (3) is not justified by its relevance and necessity for legal reasoning.

Les dénonciations publiques d’agressions sexuelles : du mauvais usage de la présomption d’innocence [trans. Public Denunciation of Sexual Assault: Misunderstanding the Presumption of Innocence], (2017) 29:2 Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 401. 

  • Arguing that using the notion of presumption of innocence to prevent victims from denunciating cases of sexual assault is an inappropriate use of the notion. 

 

PEER-REVIEWED CASE COMMENT 

Euthanasie, abattage et mise à mort d’animaux: comment interpréter la Loi sur le bien-être et la sécurité de l’animal ? – Commentaire sur Road to Home Rescue Support c Ville de Montréal [trans. Euthanasia, slaughter and killing of animals: How to interpret the Animal Welfare and Safety Act? – Comments on Road to Home Rescue Support c Ville de Montréal], 50 Revue générale de droit 319 (with Romane Bonenfant). 

  • Providing a critical assessment of Road to Home Rescue Support c Ville de Montréal, 2019 QCCA 2187. 

 

CHAPTER 

Pour quelques harfangs de neige. Le Québec au cœur d’un dialogue transsystémique sur les droits des animaux [trans. For a Few Snowy Owls: Québec at the Heart of a Transsystemic Dialogue on Animal Rights], in Aloïse Quesne (ed.), Quel(s) droit(s) pour les animaux?, coll. Générations futures, Paix et Environnement, Paris, Mare et Martin [to be published]. 

  • Offering an introduction to Québec animal law for a European readership and exposing how this law is at the heart of a transsystemic dialogue, particularly regarding the notions of sentience and biological needs. 

 

ARTICLES 

Coronavirus : la vaccination des enfants contre la COVID-19 [trans. Coronavirus: vaccination of children against COVID-19], (2021) November Repères 3383.  

  • Providing an overview of recent developments in family law concerning the vaccination of children against the coronavirus. 

Comment calculer les dommages pour la perte d’un animal? [trans. How to calculate damages for the loss of an animal?], (2021) January Repères 3203. 

  • Making sense of the recent jurisprudential debate on whether the legislative recognition of animals as sentient beings impacts the calculation of damages due for the loss of an animal.  

Violence conjugale et droit de la famille : la méconnue ordonnance de protection [trans. Domestic Violence and Family Law: The Overlooked Protection Order], (2020) October Repères 3167. 

  • Analyzing recent legislative and judicial developments calling on practitioners and judges to better protect domestic violence victims by seeking and issuing protection orders. 

Coronavirus : développements récents en droit de la famille durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 (14 avril au 1er juin 2020) [trans. Coronavirus: Recent Developments in Family Law During the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 14 to June 1st, 2020)], (2020) June Repères. 

  • Providing a critical overview of family law developments, discussing among others return to school cases.  

Coronavirus : développements récents en droit de la famille concernant la garde et l’accès durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 (13 mars au 13 avril 2020) [trans. Coronavirus: Recent Developments in Family Law Regarding Custody and Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic (March 13 to April 13, 2020)], (2020) April Repères 2983. 

  • Providing a critical overview of family law developments, discussing among others custody and access cases. 

Commentaire sur la décision Roy c. Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l’Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal – Responsabilité civile pour entrave à la volonté de don d’organes et de tissus : l’autonomie corporelle après la mort [trans. Commentary on Roy c. Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l’Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal – Civil liability for obstructing the wish to donate organs and tissues : Bodily autonomy after death], (2020) March Repères 2924. 

  • Providing a critical assessment of Roy c. Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l’Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 2019 QCCQ 6257, a rare case of civil liability in the context of posthumous organ donation. 

Dialogue dissident : la désobéissance a-t-elle sa place sous une autorité linguistique inclusive? [trans. Dissenting dialogue: does disobedience have its place under an inclusive linguistic authority?], (2018) 53 Cahiers de l’éducation permanente 35 (with Suzanne Zaccour). 

  • Arguing that disobedience to linguistic authorities is not only justified when confronted to sexist institutions but also to inclusive ones in some circumstances. 

Parler féministe [trans. Speak Feminist], (2018) 1 “Lumières” Revue L’Esprit Libre 15 (with Suzanne Zaccour). 

  • Arguing in favour of “ostentatious” feminine words, that is, feminine words audibly distinct from masculine words. 

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 

Quatre amendements pour freiner la violence familiale : Mémoire sur le Projet de loi no 2, Loi portant sur la réforme du droit de la famille en matière de filiation et modifiant le Code civil en matière de droits de la personnalité et d’état civil, [trans. Four Amendments to Curb Family Violence: Bill 2, An Act respecting family law reform with regard to filiation and amending the Civil Code in relation to personality rights and civil status], presented to the Committee on Institutions, National Assembly of Québec, December 1, 2021. 

Mémoire sur le Projet de loi no 84, Loi visant à aider les personnes victimes d’infractions criminelles et à favoriser leur rétablissement, [trans. Brief on Bill 84, An Act to assist persons who are victims of criminal offences and to facilitate their recovery], presented to the Committee on Institutions, National Assembly of Québec, January 20, 2021. 

  • Invited by the government to orally present this brief during the special consultations of the Committee on Institutions, online.

Mémoire sur le Projet de loi no 64, Loi modernisant des dispositions législatives en matière de protection des renseignements personnels, [trans. Brief on Bill 64, An Act to modernize legislative provisions as regards the protection of personal information], presented to the Committee on Institutions, National Assembly of Québec, October 25, 2020 (with Suzanne Zaccour for Québec contre les violences sexuelles). 

Comments on the Proposed Regulatory Provisions under the Security from Trespass and Protecting Food Safety Act, presented to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Ontario, October 15, 2020 (with the Animal Justice Student Association of the University of Toronto).

Mémoire sur le traitement juridique des personnes polyamoureuses et de leurs enfants [trans. Brief on the Legal Treatment of Polyamorists and their Children], Ministère de la Justice du Québec, June 28, 2019.  

Mémoire sur la situation juridique des personnes polyamoureuses au Québec [trans. Brief on the Legal Status of Polyamorous Persons in Québec], Commission citoyenne sur le droit de la famille, Chambre des notaires du Québec, August 2018. 

 

BOOK REVIEW 

Comment parler des animaux ? À propos de Marie-Claude Marsolier, Le mépris des « bêtes » (2020) [trans. How to Talk about Animals? About Marie-Claude Marsolier’s Le mépris des « bêtes » (2020)], with Suzanne Zaccour, (2022) L’Amorce, online: https://perma.cc/844E-VZU6. 

 

SELECTED MEDIA ARTICLES 

Violences sexuelles : Une dénonciation est-elle une diffamation? Facebook doit-il enquêter sur sa véracité?, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, October 7, 2021 (with Romane Bonenfant), online

L’affaire Dis son nom : Les administratrices doivent exposer leurs noms et transmettre leurs échanges privés avec les dénonciatrices, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, March 22, 2021 (with Romane Bonenfant), online

Légiférer contre les « thérapies » de conversion : où en sommes-nous?, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, March 15, 2021 (with Sangitha Jeyaseelan), online.

Des victimes d'actes violents non admissibles au régime d’aide prévu par la CAQ, Le Devoir, February 18, 2021 (with Florence Brosseau), online.

Réforme du droit relatif aux violences sexuelles : Les victimes ont le droit de savoir, La Presse, February 10, 2021 (with a collective of authors), online.

L’affaire Dis son nom : Un demandeur en diffamation a-t-il droit à l’anonymat ?, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, January 11, 2021 (with Romane Bonenfant), online

No relief for reprimanded ex-judge after sexist comments to victim in rape trial, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, November 19, 2020 (with Sangitha Jeyaseelan), online.

Un Québec indifférent aux victimes de violences sexuelles en ligne?, La Presse, October 30, 2020, online.

“Violence conjugale : La victime peut craindre pour sa sécurité physique, psychologique ou émotionnelle en matière de harcèlement criminel”, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, August 18, 2020 (with Romane Bonenfant), online.

“Violences sexuelles : une nouvelle loi réforme la prescription et protège les excuses”, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, July 30, 2020 (with Romane Bonenfant), online.

“Le droit protège-t-il la réputation des agresseurs?”, La Presse, July 15, 2020, online

“À qui appartient la langue française?”, Le Devoir, June 11, 2020, online.

“Le féminin mérite-t-il d’être entendu?”, Le Devoir, February 10, 2020, online

“La Cour d'appel tranche : Les chiens dangereux peuvent-ils être euthanasiés par les municipalités ?”, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, January 16, 2020 (with Romane Bonenfant), online

“Don d’organes : Pour un respect des personnes décédées”, La Presse, November 30, 2019, online.

“Comment aider les victimes de violence sexuelle et conjugale? Une réforme de l’IVAC est nécessaire”, La Presse, November 11, 2019, online.

“Avoir le droit de définir sa mort?”, Le Devoir, October 21, 2019, online.

“Violences sexuelles : un récent projet de loi ignoré des médias”, Jeune Barreau de Montréal, October 7, 2019 (with Romane Bonenfant), online.

“Il est temps de considerer la triparenté”, La Presse, August 24, 2019, online.

“Un consentement implicite, vraiment, docteur?”, La Presse, July 5, 2019, online.

“Laissez les sorcières, McCarthy et la liberté d’expression en paix!”, La Presse, February 21, 2019, online.

“Why couldn’t you just keep your knees together?” L’obligation déontologique des juges face aux victimes d’agression sexuelle, Extrajudiciaire, June, 2018. 

“Des bancs d’école au banc des accusés: le masculin destitué”, Le Devoir, November 18, 2017 (with Suzanne Zaccour), online

“Quand la ‘neutralité’ grammaticale rend les femmes invisibles”, Le Devoir, January 16, 2017 (with Suzanne Zaccour), online

“Le français n’a pas de sexe ?”, Ricochet, November 30, 2016 (with Suzanne Zaccour), online

“La langue du plafond de verre”, Ricochet, September 21, 2016 (with Suzanne Zaccour), online

“Le droit à la peine la moins sévère”, La Presse, April 25, 2016, online.

“Le vide juridique de l’aide médicale à mourir”, Le Devoir, December 12, 2015, online

“Du mauvais usage de la présomption d’innocence”, Le Devoir, October 30, 2015, online

“L’indignation. (Et après?)”, Faits et causes, December 2, 2014, (with Étienne Cloutier). 

“Jugement sur la prostitution : La réaction d’Ottawa pèche par électoralisme”, Le Devoir, January 14, 2014, online

Research Interests
Civil Law
Critical Legal Theory
Family Law
Feminist Analysis of Law
Health Law
Legal History
Legal Theory
Moral Philosophy
Sexuality and the Law
Supervisor
Committee Members
Alison Thompson

Jennifer Bergman

SJD Candidate
Thesis title:
Remedying Barriers or Reinforcing Them: The Role of the Law in Mental Health Service Use by Children Engaged in the Family Law and Criminal Justice Systems
Office in Falconer Hall
84 Queen's Park
Toronto, M5S 2C5

Jennifer Bergman is a Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) candidate at the University of Toronto.  Before commencing the SJD in Fall 2018, she completed a Master of Laws at the University of Toronto, examining how, in practice, the law fails to protect children with mental health issues due to the way that mental health issues are defined in both the family law and criminal justice systems, and because neither system recognizes the importance of intersectionality.  Building upon the knowledge gained from her LL.M. research, her doctoral research explores the relationship between the law and the unmet mental health service needs of young people with mental health issues who are engaged with the family law (child welfare) and youth criminal justice systems, with a focus on how legal and policy frameworks, as written and as applied in practice, affect the experiences of these youth, particularly in terms of access to needed mental health supports and services, and how changes in the ways laws and policies are drafted and implemented can help to reduce the gap between service needs and service use.

Jennifer’s interest in the relationship between law and society generally, and in how different variables intersect and affect people’s perceptions and experiences, was substantially shaped by her undergraduate work in sociology.  In pursuing her Bachelor of Arts at the University of British Columbia, she did considerable research on the interaction between immigration laws, the experiences of foreign domestic workers in Canada, and gender equality.  Following receipt of her B.A., Jennifer obtained an LL.B. from the University of British Columbia.  She subsequently received a Master of Laws, with a specialty in Alternative Dispute Resolution, from Osgoode Hall Law School at York University. 

In the LL.M. program at Osgoode Hall Law School, Jennifer conducted a survey of practicing mediators and, using this original research, as well as existing research, produced a thesis which analyzed the sources of power mediators possess, and how they are used.  The results of her thesis research were published in an article in the Canadian Arbitration and Mediation Journal.  She has also co-authored numerous legal papers, several of which have formed part of the curriculum at continuing legal education courses put on by The Law Society of Ontario, The Advocates’ Society, and Osgoode Professional Development.

Jennifer is a member of the Bar in British Columbia and Ontario, and has practiced law in both provinces.  She has spent the bulk of her legal career practicing family law.  And, it was her experiences in this practice, that fueled her interest in children’s mental health issues, and prompted her to return to academia in Fall 2017.

Education
LL.M., University of Toronto
LL.M., York University
LL.B., University of British Columbia
B.A., University of British Columbia
Awards and Distinctions
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Doctoral Fellowship (2020 – 2023)
Law Foundation of British Columbia, Law Foundation Graduate Fellowship (2019 – 2020)
Law Foundation of British Columbia, Law Foundation Graduate Fellowship (2018 – 2019)
Ontario Graduate Scholarship, University of Toronto (2018 – 2019)
Faculty of Law Fellowship, University of Toronto (2018 – 2021)
Law Foundation of British Columbia, Law Foundation Graduate Fellowship (2017 – 2018)
Ontario Graduate Scholarship, University of Toronto (2017 – 2018)
Professional Affiliations
Law Society of Ontario
Law Society of British Columbia
Selected Publications

Jennifer Bergman, "Intersectionality: A Means for Addressing the Needs of Children with Mental Health Issues who are Engaged with the Family Law and Criminal Justice Systems?" (2019) 36 Windsor YB Access Just 115.

Jennifer Bergman, “Mediators’ Power: A Study of Mediators’ Views about the Sources of Power They Possess and Use” (2011) 20:2 Canadian Arbitration and Mediation Journal 50.

Julie Hannaford and Jennifer Bergman, with assistance by Charu Ruparelia, “The Spousal Support Claim in the High Income Universe” (Paper presented to Osgoode Professional Development’s education program, 3rd Annual Recent Developments and Complex Issues in Child and Spousal Support, held October 7th, 2013).

Julie Hannaford and Jennifer Bergman, “General Rules for Conducting Family Law Motions” (Prepared for The Advocates’ Society’s education program, Conduct of the Family Law Motion, held April 3, 2013).

Julie Hannaford and Jennifer Bergman, “Motions for Disclosure from Non-Parties” (Prepared for The Law Society of Upper Canada’s education program, Property Issues in Family Law – Part 2, held March 20, 2013).

Research Interests
Criminal Law 
Family Law
Feminist Analysis of Law
Health Law
Supervisor
Committee Members
Ellen Berrey, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto

Prof. Karen Knop awarded British Academy Visiting Fellowship for "Peace Cases and Peace Camps" project

Thursday, April 26, 2018

Prof. Karen Knop has been awarded a British Academy Visiting Fellowship. She will be at the Centre for Women, Peace & Security at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the autumn of 2018.

Her project is "Peace Cases and Peace Camps: A Study in Feminist International Law and Foreign Affairs Law." Here is the abstract:

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