The Class of 1958 was one of ten classes that returned to the Faculty of Law this past fall to reunite with friends and share fond memories. Pictured from left (front) are Burton Kellock, Ross Husband, and Dan Zarowsky. In back from left are Harry Arthurs, Marty Friedland, John Switzer, Manfred Tikal, Harold Margles, and Bruce Hawkins.

In This Issue:

• Headline News
  
  
• Awards and Honours
  
  
• Around the Law School
  
  
• Highlights of Recent Events
  
  
• Upcoming Events

Welcome to the second issue of the U of T Law School News. This semi-annual e-newsletter was created by the Faculty of Law's External Relations Department to keep you informed about what's happening at the law school between issues of Nexus. If you have any questions, comments or submissions, please email Kathleen O'Brien at kathleen.obrien@utoronto.ca or call 416-946-8188.

In January, Professor Emeritus Martin Friedland, University Professor (class of 1958), was one of only five Canadians promoted to the highest rank of Companion, Order of Canada. Less than 15 Canadians receive this award each year and there is a limit of 165 living Companions at any one time. Friedland joins literary author Margaret Atwood and former Supreme Court Chief Justice, the late Hon. Brian Dickson, in this special designation.

Prof. Friedland was noted by the Order for his extraordinary service to Canada in the areas of education, law reform and public policy. "Unlike Groucho Marx, I'm happy to be in a club that'll have me as a member," Prof. Friedland says, "particularly this one". He was first appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1990.

Affectionately known as Marty around the law school, Prof. Friedland has written 17 books and contributed to numerous government commissions and committees throughout his 39-year career at the Faculty of Law. He is regarded throughout the common law world as Canada's leading scholar in criminal law. Prof. Friedland's research and publications have had a direct impact on policy and the law in practice. His work has helped shape legislation and policy in the areas of gun control, bail reform, legal aid and the judiciary.

Despite his monumental achievements, Prof. Friedland is quick to share credit with the more than 100 research assistants he has hired over the years, and with his colleagues at the law school. "This has been an ideal place for encouraging scholarly work, and at the same time, gives strong priority to teaching, so that professors do well in both areas," he says. Prof. Friedland will collect his medal and certificate at an investiture ceremony in October 2004.

Distinguished alumnus, Frank Neal Marrocco, Q.C. (class of 1970), was appointed Treasurer of the Law Society of Upper Canada in June 2003. "It is an honour and a privilege to be elected to serve my profession at this time when so many and diverse issues are facing the profession and the public we serve," says Marrocco. "They represent exciting challenges and opportunities for the Law Society."

As head of Canada's largest Law Society, Marrocco leads the Society in fulfilling its mandate to govern in the public interest by spearheading initiatives to meet the varied needs of the public, the profession, students, law schools and community and legal partners. Marrocco is responsible for the development of priorities and the coordination of the Society's more than 20 committees. He is placing great emphasis on helping to ensure that Ontarians continue to be served and have access to competent legal services. That means working collaboratively with all levels of government to enhance the delivery and accessibility of legal services and protect the public interest.

In addition to his role as Law Society Treasurer, Marrocco is a litigation partner at Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP, and is head of the firm's corporate immigration practice group. Marrocco was also lead counsel for the Province of Ontario at the Walkerton Inquiry.

After being called to the Ontario Bar in 1972, Marrocco started his own law firm with a partner. After two mergers and more than 28 years later, that firm became part of Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP, one of Canada's largest and most respected law firms, with more than 650 lawyers.

Marrocco was recently presented with the Arbor Award, U of T's highest award for volunteer service. For more than 20 years, Marrocco has been Co-Chair of the University of Toronto Academic Disciplinary Tribunal, and regularly serves as Presiding Chair in trial level cases.

In 1984, Marrocco was appointed Queen's Counsel, and in 1995, was elected a Bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada. Marrocco is a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers. He has written several books including co-authoring Annotated Immigration Act of Canada.

Dawnis Kennedy wears a traditional native blanket, a gift from her relatives.

In a moving traditional Aboriginal ceremony, recent law graduate Dawnis Kennedy ('03) received The President's Award for Outstanding Native Student of the Year at the University of Toronto. The award ceremony, which took place on November 20, 2003 at First Nations House, included a "smudge" (purifying ceremony) and performance by the Ladies Hand Drum Singers, an all female Aboriginal group.

"Dawnis Kennedy's academic record is simply spectacular, but equally important, she touched the law school community in her own generous and quiet way. Her caring spirit quickly endeared her to faculty members, staff and other students," said Brian Langille, Acting Dean.

Kennedy recalls that as a new law student on campus in 2000 she felt out of her element. A member of the Rouseau River Anishinabe (Ojibway) First Nation, Kennedy had lived most of her life on native reserves. She says it was stressful moving to Toronto and having her relatives' hopes and dreams rest on her. So after her first few weeks, she told Dean Ron Daniels that she feared the Admissions Office had made a mistake. "The Dean took me out for coffee and calmed my fears. The rest of the faculty followed in his footsteps and made me feel part of this community," she says. While studying, Kennedy was a student representative on the Faculty Council Student Caucus, a member of the Native Law Students' Association, and held the "Peacekeeper" position at the Indigenous Law Journal.

New Professor Enhances Core Area at Faculty

Graduate Fellow, Ariel Katz will join the Faculty this July in his new role as Chair, Electronic Commerce, Centre for Innovation Law and Policy. One of only four endowed faculty positions at the Centre, the addition of Katz will strengthen the Faculty's core expertise in technology law.

In September, Katz will begin teaching a course in electronic commerce. Until then, he will be completing his Doctor of Juridical Science degree on the law and economics of competition law and intellectual property law. Having received his education and practiced law in Israel, Katz will bring a valuable new perspective to the Faculty. "I came here because I thought it would be a great place to pursue my scholarship. That certainly has proven to be true," he says.

As well as teaching, Katz will continue to explore the collective administration of copyrights, anti-competitive joint enforcement of intellectual property rights, and whether competition law has a role in promoting democratic discourse. Katz obtained his LL.B. and LL.M from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and practiced competition law for four years at the Israeli Antitrust Authority before coming to Canada.

More than 200 alumni who graduated in a year ending with a "3" or "8" returned to Flavelle House on October 23, 2003 for a lively cocktail reception and individual class dinners afterwards.

In a first for the law school, a mother and daughter team shared the same reunion event. Corinne Sklar ('78) and her daughter Rachel Sklar ('98) reunited as fellow alumni, having graduated twenty years apart. "I was so pleased that Rachel decided on U of T law school where I formed such wonderful friendships," said Corinne.

Two classes also announced their commitment to providing annual bursaries for future graduates. The class of 1968 made individual donations to the Bruce Dunlop Bursary, which was originally created in 1988. Classmates of 1963 graduate, Jack Caldarelli, generously contributed to a new bursary named after Jack's daughter, Gina Caldarelli. Gina graduated from the law school in 1997. Her untimely death in 2003 met with a deep sense of loss for the law school community. To learn more about these bursaries or to make a donation, please contact the Alumni office at 416-978-1353.

L-R: Nicole Skuggedal, Kevin-Paul Deveau, Robin Reinertson (student coach), Larissa Ruderman, and Hilary Book.

The Maxwell Cohen Cup, the coveted award presented each year to the winning team at the Jessup Moot Competition, is back at the University of Toronto for the 2nd year in a row. Second year law students Hilary Book, Larissa Ruderman, Nicole Skuggedal and Kevin-Paul Deveau were victorious at the 2004 Canadian National Phillip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition in Vancouver last month.

The U of T Jessup Moot team also won the trophy for "Best Facta" and "Best Respondent Factum". Their success was very much a team effort, but students Hilary and Nicole also received recognition for their individual performances. Hilary placed 6th in the competition and Nicole won the prize for "Best Oralist" and "Best Anglophone Oralist".

"This is an absolutely wonderful victory. It brings great honour to the school, and to the team," says Brian Langille, Acting Dean.

The team is preparing for the upcoming International Jessup Moot Court Championships in Washington, D.C. The Faculty of Law at U of T will represent Canada as one of 96 teams from 81 countries participating in this year's international championship rounds from March 28 to April 4, 2004.

Labour Arbitration Moot:
Moot team members Adrian Jakibchuk (II) and Rebecca Katzin (II) represented U of T at the 2004 Mathews, Dinsdale & Clark Labour Arbitration Competition in London, Ontario, on January 23-24. This was the first year that U of T competed in this competition. The team competed very well, getting within a few points of making it to the finals.

Wilson Moot:
On February 27-28, 2004 in Toronto, the Wilson Moot team brought home the Cup following second place finishes by U of T in each of the last three Wilson Moot competitions. Team members were Audrey Ackah (II), Ingrid Grant (II), Nadine Harris (II) and Oscar Strawczynski (II).

Gale Moot:
Also on the weekend of February 28-29, 2004 in Toronto, Gale Moot team members Daniel Bach (II), Sidney McLean (II), Ryan Morris (III) and Ellen Snow (II) scored fourth in the finals against Université du Québec à Montréal. Bach won the Dickson Medal for best oralist in the individual category.

Laskin Moot:
Students Elder Marques (II), David Germain (II), Mike Hunziker (III) and Jeffrey Shafer (II) represented U of T at the Laskin Moot, held in Vancouver at the end of February. Marques, Hunziker and Shafer mooted in English, while Germain mooted in French. The team performed admirably when faced with some very challenging benches, however did not advance to the final round.

At the end of 2003, several U of T law students won prizes for their articles published in the Law Review (Volume 61, Issue 2).

Timothy Dickson (JD '03) won the Cassels Brock & Blackwell Prize for "Outstanding Article" and the Martin L. Friedland Prize for "Best article written by a student at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law". His article is entitled "Section 25 and Intercultural Judgment" (at 141).

Two law students, Roy Lee (III) and Sharyn Costin (JD '03), shared the Torys Prizes for two best "Notes, Comments or Reviews". Lee won for his Note, "Non-Citizens Need Not Apply: Upholding Discrimination Law in Lavoie v. Canada" (at 205), and Costin won for her book review "'Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How it Threatens Creativity' by Siva Vaidhyanathan" (at 229). For a full copy of these articles, please visit http://www.law-lib.utoronto.ca/law-review/.

As well as being a respected lawyer and Executive Director of U of T's Downtown Legal Services, Judith McCormack can now add nominated prize writer to her list of accomplishments. Shortlisted for the Journey Prize for her first short story in 2000, McCormack was recently named as a finalist for the $15,000 Rogers Writers Trust Prize for Fiction for her book, The Rule of Last Clear Chance.

McCormack's debut collection of "fresh, imaginative, witty" stories was nominated as part of the Third Annual Great Literary Awards, presented by the Writers' Trust of Canada. The book has already been listed on The Globe and Mail's Top 100 best books for 2003.

McCormack's stories feature offbeat characters, many of them lawyers, who provide a lively look at the absurdities that lie beneath the surface of everyday life. No stranger to awards, McCormack was honoured in 2003 with the Law Society of Upper Canada Medal - the Ontario legal profession's highest honour.

To purchase a copy of The Rule of Last Clear Chance, please call 1-800-565-9523 or email utpbooks@utpress.utoronto.ca.

Three distinguished alumni, Tony Clement, Mark Freiman and Stanley Cohen, recently returned to the law school as Visiting Fellows.

Tony Clement (class of '86) began teaching health care, politics and public policy at the Faculty in January. The Former Minister of Health and Long-Term Care for the Province of Ontario, Clement joins internationally regarded health law scholars Colleen Flood, Bernard Dickens, Rebecca Cook and Trudo Lemmons.

Clement's experiences as health minister placed him at the centre of one of the country's most important debates in the aftermath of the SARS crisis. In an address to students and faculty on February 12, he recounted his experiences dealing with the World Health Organization and working with health care experts to contain the disease in Ontario.

Clement graduated from U of T law in 1986 and was called to the Ontario Bar in 1988. He was first elected as a Member of Provincial Parliament for Brampton South in 1995, and in 1999 was appointed Minister of the Environment (Ontario). Clement is currently running for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.

Joining the law school this past January, Mark Freiman (class of '83), formerly the Deputy Attorney General for Ontario, is helping to teach various classes at the Faculty. He is also working on projects in the design of legal institutions in the developing world.

Freiman is an accomplished legal scholar who also holds a PhD in English from Stanford. He taught English and Cultural Studies at U of T before studying law. After graduation, he clerked for former Supreme Court Chief Justice Brian Dickson, and then became a partner and well-known litigator at McCarthy Tetrault. Freiman's current interest is in Adjudication and Access to Justice, as well as constitutional law, process and procedure, and policy formation. He will be at the Faculty until July 2004.

Alumnus Stanley Cohen (class of '76), Senior General Counsel at the Department of Justice in Ottawa, Human Rights Law Section, is co-teaching a course with Kent Roach on confronting terror, and is writing a text on privacy, crime and terror.

In the course, Cohen is discussing information from his research on how well Canada and other advanced democracies have responded to international terrorism in the wake of 9/11. He examines the implications of these developments for the traditional criminal justice system and the privacy rights of individuals. Cohen took a leave of absence from his position until September 2004.

For full biographies on these distinguished visitors and others, please visit www.law.utoronto.ca under the "Faculty List and Directory" section.

Faculty Names Graham Research Fellows

The U of T Faculty of Law supports visiting academics or researchers each year through the Graham Research Fellowship. The Faculty chooses several young lawyers and/or policymakers who work in international human rights law and/or international law and development to help develop their advocacy work. Fellows for 2004 are Janie Chuang, Caroline Davidson and Kathryn Howarth. They come from as close as Oakville, Ontario, and as far away as Washington, DC and England.

Janie Chuang is a graduate of Harvard Law School where she held a Harvard Sheldon Fellowship and was Co-Founder of the Harvard International Human Rights Project. Prior to law school, Chuang practiced at Cleary Gottlieb in Washington, DC. While at the Faculty, she will work on a book on international law and policy and human trafficking with two colleagues. On March 30, Chuang will be presenting a paper at the Law and Feminism seminar, "Trafficking in Women: the United States as Global Sheriff?".

Caroline Davidson is a 2000 J.D. graduate from Harvard Law School. Davidson clerked for Judge Alfred Goodwin of the Ninth Circuit Federal Court of Appeals and practiced at the San Francisco law firm of Howard, Rice. Davidson worked for Human Rights Watch in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil one summer during law school. She recently completed a six-month internship with a trial team at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). While at the Faculty, she will be writing about domestic remedies for international human rights violations.

Kathryn Howarth, winner of the Howland Prize for her graduate work (2003) at U of T Faculty of Law, interned at the Office of the Prosecutor at the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Prior to U of T, Howarth read law at Cambridge University and worked at the Independent Jamaica Council for Human Rights in Kingston, Jamaica. Howarth is using her time at the Faculty to research the effect of domestic amnesties on international prosecutions.

Banner Year at Downtown Legal Services

Following a successful 2003, the new year started with a string of victories in housing rights cases for Downtown Legal Services (DLS).

Downtown Legal Services, home to the law school's Public Interest Advocacy clinical education programs, was delighted to have guest speakers Madam Justice Joan Lax, Mr. Justice Brent Knazan, and Kathy Laird, Executive Director of the Advocacy Centre for Tenants for Ontario, at its fall seminars.

In clinic news, students at DLS' new Refugee and Immigration Division are assisting clients from 22 different countries, and have developed a community outreach project that provides on-site legal services at a Toronto immigration detention centre. This clinic has been so successful that a representative from the United Nations High Commission for Refugees asked if the project could be expanded. As well, the clinic's new Child and Family Advocacy division has been building up its broad-based expertise, resources and caseload in many areas.

The year wrapped up with DLS clinic staff and 120 students having provided community legal services to more than 900 clients. For more information on the clinics, please visit "Centres, Legal Clinics & Special Programs" at www.law.utoronto.ca.

New Online Program Boosts Mentor-Student Matches

The Career Development Office (CDO) has launched an online registration program for students to improve the matching process for its Alumni-Student Mentor Program.The CDO is now better able to pair students with alumni mentors according to specific interests and criteria.

First-year students are matched up with recent graduates, giving students a chance to explore various areas of the law, as well as support their transition to law school. The online registration program allows participants to enter an individual profile on the type of mentor they would like to meet with, including work environment, work history, and professional and personal interests.

“It is now a lot easier for us to make effective matches based on such detailed student and mentor profiles,” says Lianne Krakauer, Director, Career Development Programs. “As a result, we believe our matches this year are much more targeted to student needs and interests.”

For more information, please see the Alumni-Student Mentor Program in the “Alumni and Friends” section at www.law.utoronto.ca.

Students have also been busy securing job placements. More than half of the second year class has accepted summer positions as part of the Faculty’s On Campus Interview (OCI) program during the fall recruitment process. The majority of students are going to a variety of mid- to large-sized firms, while others are heading to smaller firms and government positions.

If you have summer positions for first and second years, or an articling position for a third year student in 2004-05, please contact the Faculty's Recruitment Coordinator Suzanne Bambrick at 416-978-2756 or suzanne.bambrick@utoronto.ca.

Law Students Pursue Public Service and Human Rights Work

Public Interest Law Fellows have now been selected for the Donner Civic Leadership Fund 2004. Awarded through Pro Bono Students Canada (PBSC), the Fellows will work full-time at a public interest organization or agency and will also participate in the PBSC Public Interest Law Summer Student Leadership Program.

The Fellows for 2004 are Graeme Norton, Canadian Civil Liberties Association (Toronto); Jennifer King, Sierra Legal Defence Fund (Vancouver); Clara Matheson, Centre for Equality Rights in Accommodation (Toronto); Michael Pacholok, Justice for Children and Youth (Toronto); John Norquay, Refugee Law Office (Toronto); Patrick Houssais, Ontario Human Rights Commission (Toronto); and Emily Griffith, Community Justice Initiatives (Waterloo). The Fellowships are made possible through a generous endowment by the Donner Canadian Foundation and matched by U of T and the government.

Law students are continuing to gain valuable human rights experience through the International Human Rights Program (IHRP) at the University of Toronto. Recently, IHRP awarded faculty-funded internships to 17 law students who will work with various governmental, non-governmental and United Nations organizations this summer. Students will conduct legal research, provide legal services and carry out legal literacy education.

The IHRP Faculty-Funded interns are Dylan Budd, Taiwan Association for Human Rights (Taiwan); Rahat Godil, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (Pakistan); Brenda Gunn, Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning (Australia); Kristin Janson, Legal Assistance Centre (Namibia); Jessica Orkin, Aboriginial Rights Litigation with the International Human Rights Clinic (Toronto/Belize); Matthew Pierce, Alliance for Southern African Progress (New York/Zimbabwe); Sarah Rogers, International Centre for Sustainable Trade and Development (Geneva); Bryce Rudyk, Canada AIDS Russia Project (Russia); Caitlin Sainsbury, Asia-Pacific Forum for Women, Law and Development (Thailand); Rosalind Sipos, British Inst. of International and Comparative Law (London); Daniel Sperling, UNESCO Project on Bioethics (Israel); Candice Suter, Gambia Committee on Traditional Practices (the Gambia); Rayner Thwaites, Human Rights First (New York); Beth Tsai, N. Australian Aboriginal Legal Aid Service (Australia); Faik Umut Ozsu, Turkish Human Rights Association (Turkey); Caroline Wawzonek, Redress (London); and Saba Zarghami, Associates for Change/Human Rights Commission (Uganda).

Highlights of Recent Events

L-R: Roslyn Levine (Attorney General of Canada), David Brown '81 (Stikeman, Elliott), Professor Lorraine Weinrib (U of T), Doug Elliott '82 (Elliott & Kim), and Peter Jervais (Lerner & Associates). Missing is Cynthia Petersen (Sack, Goldblatt, Mitchell).

The question of the constitutionality of same-sex marriage has generated intense debate in Canada and attracted considerable international attention to the Canadian Charter. In November 2003, Professor Lorraine Weinrib organized two Constitutional Roundtables on the Ontario litigation, inviting the lawyers who participated on both sides of the case to give a first hand account of their arguments and to critique opposing positions.

Halpern v. A.G. Canada dramatically altered our understanding of marriage in Canada. This litigation prompted the federal government to support legislation legalizing gay marriage, mount a Reference to the Supreme Court of Canada and consider involving parliamentarians in the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court of Canada. It also presented a number of intriguing questions about the procedure and evidentiary foundation in Charter cases, the remedial powers of the courts, and the role of the Attorney General in Charter litigation.

Douglas Elliott, of Elliott & Kim, who represented the Metropolitan Community Church of Toronto, noted that "the deep division of parliament reflects the division of the country." Roslyn Levine, Q.C., who had carriage of the litigation across Canada on this issue, observed that the challenge "is to balance the interests and rights of individuals and the rights of society in a broad sense."

It is estimated that 5.3 million people in South Africa are infected with HIV. The horror of this statistic motivated South African activist and U of T law grad, Jonathan Michael Berger (LL.M. 2001), to help his country. Berger was part of the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) legal team that brought a legal challenge to the South African Competition Commission six years ago for cheaper AIDS drugs, a case which was recently settled. The pharmaceutical companies agreed to give licenses to local generic companies to manufacture the drugs at US $140 - a dramatic price reduction. On November 21, 2003, Berger returned to the law school to speak about the case.

The International Human Rights Program, overseen by Director Noah Novogrodsky, hosted Berger's talk, "The Price of Life: A legal challenge to the cost of antiretroviral therapies in South Africa". In the presentation, Berger discussed how he initiated the action as part of a group that advocates for AIDS treatment in South Africa, the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC). Berger is also a researcher with the Law & Treatment Access Unit, AIDS Law Project (ALP), Centre for Applied Legal Studies, University of the Witwatersrand.

TAC claimed that "excessive pricing" of AIDS medicine resulted in "the premature, predictable and avoidable deaths of people living with HIV/AIDS." The annual cost for South Africans to buy the AIDS drug "3TC", for example, was $973 (US), compared to the World Health Organization generic price of $100 (US) - a gaping 873% difference. AIDS, one of the fastest growing deadly diseases in the world, affects 20 per cent of the adult population in South Africa.

The advocacy efforts of TAC and other civil society organizations also contributed to the government's recent decision to initiate a national program to provide antiretroviral medicines. "Until this public program, AIDS patients had to go to the pharmacy. The drugs weren't funded publicity and were too expensive for most citizens. I have seen first-hand how the law plays an important role in access to medication," Berger said.

To discuss Sri Lanka's decades-long civil war, which has killed more than 65,000 people, the Forum of Federations hosted a panel discussion, moderated by U of T Professor Sujit Choudhry. The panel, held on December 15, 2003, featured distinguished alumni, the Hon. Bill Graham (‘64), Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, who talked about his recent mission to Sri Lanka, as well as the Hon. Bob Rae ('77), who closed the session.

The Forum of Federations, funded by the Canadian Government, supports the Sri Lankan peace process by providing technical expertise to both parties on federalism and constitutional issues. As part of this commitment, the Forum carries out public education activities for various groups in Sri Lanka and Canada.

Nearly 80 participants, including members of the Sinhalese, Tamil and Muslim communities in Canada, attended the event at the U of T Munk Centre. Panelists considered the pros and cons of federalism as a possibility for a peace agreement and options for power-sharing. U of T Political Science professor David Cameron summarized the developments of the peace process since the signing of the ceasefire agreement, and outlined key issues that need to be addressed in Sri Lanka to develop a federal model.

L - R: Professor Richard Simeon (U of T Political Science), Prof. Yash Ghai (University of Hong Kong) and Professor Lorraine Weinrib (U of T Law).

Complex constitutional structures could result in discriminatory practices against different minority communities and the citizens they represent. This is the conclusion of University of Hong Kong Professor Yash Ghai, who was the keynote speaker at a January 20 constitutional roundtable lecture at the Faculty.

Prof. Ghai, introduced as one of the world's great constitutional lawyers, says the increasing necessity to make a constitution complex arises when a multi-ethnic country - such as Cyprus, Fiji, India, Spain and Bosnia - decides to have constitutional provisions specifying how state power is to be divided according to the various ethnic groups. Prof. Ghai says these complexities often occur in situations immediately following a violent ethnic conflict. The end result, he says, is that the focus on group rights in the constitution will entail a different method for protecting individual human rights. With all the fragmentation in the political and social communities of counties having such complex constitutions, Prof. Ghai says these systems do not always work. As a consequence, complex constitutions produce a different concept of citizenship than in a more unitary state.

Since the law school teaches a number of courses on comparative constitutional law, many students were eager to hear Prof. Ghai's ideas on how he would draft a new constitution in Iraq. In response, Prof. Ghai said he would listen to the people, then consider a federal structure, with 12 or so units, with some asymmetry for the Kurds.

Ontario does not have enough linguistic and culturally sensitive legal aid clinics to serve all ethnicities, especially South Asians, says the South Asian Law Students' Association (SALSA) at U of T Faculty of Law. A public session on January 23, 2004 which featured keynote speaker Professor Kent Roach, attracted more than 80 delegates who discussed crucial reasons for government funding of specialty ethnic clinics.

Panelists discussed how specialty ethnic clinics, such as the Metro Chinese & Southeast Asian Clinic and Aboriginal Legal Services, are better able to serve the legal needs of low-income ethnic communities. Participants debated whether specialty clinics for specific ethnic groups were the best vehicle for delivering linguistically and culturally sensitive legal services to those communities. Unfortunately, despite South Asians being the largest visible minority community in Canada, recent efforts to secure long-term funding for specialty clinics, such as the South Asian Legal Clinic of Ontario (SALCO), have been unsuccessful.

Keynote speaker Professor Kent Roach, who has worked extensively with Aboriginal Legal Services, re-emphasized the need to ensure that legal services are tailored to the specific needs of multi-cultural communities. He said that culturally sensitive clinics could help victims of spousal and senior abuse, topics often taboo in specific ethnic communities.

Following are a few selected highlights of events coming up at the law school. For a complete list of events, to register, or find out more information, please click on the event or visit the Faculty's web site under "Lectures, Workshops and Seminars" at www.law.utoronto.ca. We hope you will find time to attend some, if not all, of these events.

• March 12: Third Annual Public Interest Day: Planning a Career in Public Interest Law

• March 12: Former Mr. Justice Dieter Grimm of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany speaks on "Fundamental Rights as an Objective Order: The Civil Rights Jurisprudence of the German Constitutional Court"
  
  
• March 15: Former Mr. Justice Dieter Grimm of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany speaks on "A Constitution for Europe?" Commentator: Professor Andreu Olesti-Rayo, University of Barcelona
  
  

• March 18: Prof. El Fadl (UCLA School of Law), Annual Public Lecture on Law and Diversity

• March 19: Prof. Kent Roach and Hon. Robert J. Sharpe to discuss their book, Brian Dickson: A Judge's Journey

• March 30: Prof. Peter Grant to deliver 2004 Grafstein Annual Lecture in Communications, "Blockbusters and Trade Wars: Popular Culture in a Globalized World"